英格丽丝的微笑
“英格丽丝的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品学科栏目之一，专注于考研英语（二）的钻研。栏目定期分享泰祺英语教研组老师们对词汇记忆、复习规划、做题方法的心得，旨在帮助同学们梳理英语学科知识、掌握解题思路，从而更好地学习、提分。欢迎您持续关注英格丽丝的微笑，这里有：有料的知识、有趣的惊喜！
各位学员，大家好！考研英语二中阅读占的分值最高，是英语备考重中之重，一直以来都有“得阅读者得英语”的说法。理解文章的过程中，也有“得主旨者得阅读”的说法。想理解透彻一篇文章，就要先理解这篇文章的主旨，然后根据主旨拓展成多个细节，才能理解全篇文章。
另外，考研英语中专门设有主旨题考察对文章主旨的理解。所以，今天咱们就来讲解主旨题的做题方法。
首先，看一下什么是主旨题。只要题干中包含：suitable title, main idea, conclusion, mainly discuss, mainly concerned, focus on, summarize等关键词，就是主旨题。比如：A suitable title for this text could be .
主旨题的解题技巧如下：
找出文章中心词
第1步：找出文章中心词
阅读5道题干，重复出现2次以上的单词是中心词，主旨题的正确答案应该包含中心词。
21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework .
22. L.A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students .
23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether .
25. A suitable title for this text could be .
通过分析，在题干中homework出现了3次，所以homework是中心词，主旨题的答案应该包含中心词，所以对于25题这道主旨题，应该排除BD，剩下AC，至于到底选A还是C，后文会有详细解释。
25. A suitable title for this text could be .
[A] A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C] Thorny Questions about Homework
[D] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
分析首尾段
第2步：通过首尾段，分析作者对中心词的态度
① 首段：首段第1句是引入，首段第2-3句可能是主题句。转折词（but, however, yet, still）之后是主题句。
② 尾段：尾段第1句是总结上文，尾段第2-3句可能是主题句。
③ 判断作者对中心词正负态度（+ -）
[首段] Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.
Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
[尾段] The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.
通过分析首段，我们得知美国L.A.（洛杉矶）地区出台了一个政策（an policy）。另外，unfortunately这个词包含否定前缀un，所以是负态度词（-），说明作者对这一政策持负面态度。另外，在尾段中作者又重申了这一观点。因此，a policy对应A选项中的a faulty approach，而C选项中说有多个问题(questions)不能对应a policy，所以正确答案选A。
25. A suitable title for this text could be .
[A] A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C] Thorny Questions about Homework
[D] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
真题练习
接下来，我们再用刚才学到的技巧分析一篇文章。以2011年真题阅读第二篇为例：
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
通过分析题干，发现newspaper出现的4次，所以newspaper就是中心词，接下来我们通过首尾段分析作者对newspaper的态度。
[尾段] The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
通过分析首段，得知美国的报纸行业(newspaper)即将死亡 (death -)，所以需要拯救这个行业 (save +)。接下来我们分析结尾段，得知报纸的编辑部(newsroom)受到了伤害 (harm -)，后面有个转折词but，所以but后面应该是伤害(harm)的反义词，即拯救(save)。
经过分析首尾段，我们知道报纸行业(newspaper)面临死亡，所以需要拯救它。所以正确答案是A选项American Newspapers: struggling for survival(美国报纸行业：为了生存而挣扎)。
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
经过以上的例子，我们得知只需两步就可做出主旨题，总结如下：
-
第1步：阅读5道题干，重复出现2次以上的单词是中心词。
-
第2步：通过首尾段，分析作者对中心词的态度（+ -）。
各位考生可认真总结以上做题方法，通过进一步练习，熟练掌握主旨题解题技巧。希望大家英语水平快速进步！
